Ever closer or ever wider? Public attitudes towards further enlargement and integration in the European Union

摘要: ABSTRACTProponents of the European project often portray further enlargement Union as a complement to process building an ever closer union. The eurozone crisis, however, has highlighted risks associated with pursuing deeper integration in diverse union and reignited debate on differentiated integration. This contribution examines how public attitudes towards processes deepening broadening are related asks whether citizens see them complementary or conflicting. Using multilevel analysis Eurobarometer data, factors – individual contextual that shape political across 27 member states. findings suggest ‘winners’ high-skilled individuals core countries most likely support deepening, but oppose out fear wider might be costly.