作者: G. Berghöfer , E. Witt , A. Desideri , M. Schartl , W. Rutsch
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-08027-6_6
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摘要: Since Doppler echocardiography in clinical medicine we know that mitral regurgitation (MR) is a very common if not physiological phenomenon. Left ventricular angiography demonstrates into the left atrium much less frequently -usually only retrograde flow throughout systole. has shown relatively low sensitivity [5]; furthermore, it may be associated with artifical valve insufficiency caused by interference apparatus or arrhythmias.