The complex and multifactorial relationship between testosterone deficiency (TD), obesity and vascular disease

摘要: Testosterone deficiency (TD) is a well-established and recognized medical condition that contributes to several co-morbidities, including metabolic syndrome, visceral obesity cardiovascular disease (CVD). More importantly, thought contribute TD. This complex bidirectional interplay between TD promotes vicious cycle, which further the adverse effects of may increase risk CVD. (T) therapy for men with has been shown be safe effective in ameliorating components syndrome (Met S) contributiong increased lean body mass reduced fat therefore weight loss. We believe appropriate T obese novel approach manage Indeed, other measures lifestyle behavioral changes can used augment but not fully replace this therapeutic approach. It should noted concerns regarding safety remain widely unsubstantiated considerable evidence exists supporting benefits therapy. Thus, it paramount clinicians managing made aware treatment obesity. In review, we discuss relationship highlight contemporary advancement management pharmacological surgical approaches, as well utilization how intervention may evolve .