A Matter of Trust: When Landmarks and Geometry Are Used During Reorientation

摘要: A Matter of Trust: When Landmarks and Geometry Are Used During Reorientation Kristin R. Ratliff (k.ratliff@temple.edu) Department Psychology, 1701 N. 13 th Street Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA Nora S. Newcombe (newcombe@temple.edu) spaces (Cheng, 1986; Gallistel, 1990; Hermer & Spelke, 1994, 1996; Wang 2002; see Cheng Newcombe, 2005 for an overview). As alternative to modularity, evidence within a variety domains suggests that spatial information sources are frequently combined determine judgments behavior using weighting mechanisms. Within the domain, methods mechanisms include Huttenlocher, Hedges Duncan’s (1991) hierarchical combination model Hartley, Trinkler Burgess’ (2004) boundary proximity (see et al., in press; Ratliff, 2007, overviews). Such approaches can be classified as examples adaptive view, which focuses on certainty variability encoding cues weight placed (Newcombe 2006). Organisms more likely use is salient, certain less variable, well familiar organism from prior experience. reorientation, view geometric featural utilized varying degrees at points development, depending variance with two kinds encoded, along salience cues, their perceived usefulness, organism’s experience 2007). Abstract The size experimental enclosure used reorientation paradigm appears have profound effect very young children (Learmonth, 2001; Learmonth, Nadel, 2002) non-human species (Sovrano, Bisazza, Vallortigara, 2005; Sovrano, 2006; Feruglio, 2005). Greater preference has been found when reorienting smaller environments than larger once conflict (Chiandetti, Regolin, Sovrano 2007; We present studies suggesting that: (a) landmark geometry space, adults favor only small room room, (b) training large increases features room. These results provide supposed dominance guiding limited small, fully-enclosed spaces. Flexible encompassing all available characteristic or learning history established usefulness features. Key Words: navigation; reorientation; combination. Introduction Determining one’s specific location after being disoriented basic challenge mobile organisms. development production such navigational abilities often relies allocentric process where direction distance measured various types (Gallistel, 2002). However, there much debate how these during reorientation. Research human nonhuman revealed varieties tested thus far navigate shape environment following disorientation, while (such distinctive wall colors panels) circumstances, environments, landmarks distal, feature directly marks site hidden target full review). Some argued suggest modular mental representation space formed encapsulated module incorporates about How Features In contrast supporting account many addition wide array circumstances. Zanforlin Pasti (1990) chickens both reorient rectangular enclosure; however, this was marked rotationally opposite corner. Kelly, Spetch Heth (1998) flexible among pigeons, by direct indirect conjunction guide searches food. Additionally, were learned (distinct panels corners rotated adjacent corners) pigeon’s exposure affected reliance them. Pigeons trained presence primarily information, even conflicting