Null model of biotic homogenization: a test with the European freshwater fish fauna

摘要: In recent years, there has been growing concern about how species invasions and extinctions could change the distinctiveness of formerly disparate fauna flora, a process called biotic homogenization. present study, null model homogenization was developed applied to European freshwater fish fauna. We found that non-native led greatest in south-western Europe differentiation north-eastern Europe. Comparing these observed patterns those expected by our empirically demonstrated is non-random ecological pattern, providing evidence for previous assumptions. The place origin also considered distinguishing between exotic (originating from outside Europe) translocated within Europe). showed generated distinct geographical across because their contrasting effects on changes community similarity among river basins. Translocated promoted basins, whereas tended decrease compositional similarity. Quantifying individual effect therefore an absolute prerequisite accurately assess spatial dynamics