Effect of upper and lower extremity control strategies on predicted injury risk during simulated forward falls: a study in healthy young adults.

摘要: Fall-related wrist fractures are common at any age. We used a seven-link, sagittally symmetric, biomechanical model to test the hypothesis that systematically alterations in configuration of body during forward fall from standing height can significantly influence impact force on wrists. Movement each joint was accomplished by pair agonist and antagonist muscle torque actuators with assigned torque-angle, torque-velocity, neuromuscular latency properties. Proportional-derivative controllers were achieve desired target segment configurations pre- andor postground contact phases fall. Outcome measures included forces whole-body kinetic energy best, worst, case injury risk scenarios. The results showed peak ranged less than 1 kN more 2.5 kN, reflecting fourfold difference (from 40 J 160 J) over range precontact hip knee angles impact. A reduction primarily associated increasing negative work flexion. Altering upper extremity prior reduced up 58% 919 N 2212 N). Increased greater shoulder flexion elbow Increasing postcontact arm retraction reduce 28% 1491 1078 N), but rotations had relatively small effect (8% reduction; 1411 1303 In summary, choice control strategy affect injury. most effective increase order dissipate thereby reducing loss potential first Extended or should be avoided forearm forces. Language: en