Comparison of pharmaceutical, illicit drug, alcohol, nicotine and caffeine levels in wastewater with sale, seizure and consumption data for 8 European cities

作者: Jose Antonio Baz-Lomba , Stefania Salvatore , Emma Gracia-Lor , Richard Bade , Sara Castiglioni

DOI: 10.1186/S12889-016-3686-5

关键词:

摘要: Monitoring the scale of pharmaceuticals, illicit and licit drugs consumption is important to assess needs law enforcement public health, provides more information about different trends within countries. Community drug use patterns are usually described by national surveys, sales seizure data. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been shown be a reliable approach complementing such surveys. This study aims compare correlate estimates drugs, alcohol, nicotine caffeine from wastewater analysis other sources information. Wastewater samples were collected in 2015 8 European cities over one week period, representing population approximately 5 million people. Published pharmaceutical sale, tobacco data used for comparison. High agreement was found between pharmaceuticals cocaine, whereas amphetamines, alcohol showed moderate correlation. methamphetamine 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) did not with Most poor correlations explained as part uncertainties related improved complementary work confirms promising future WBE obtain accurate picture substance situation communities. Our findings suggest further improvements reduce associated both order make comparable.

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