Measuring biomarkers in wastewater as a new source of epidemiological information: Current state and future perspectives
作者： Emma Gracia-Lor , Sara Castiglioni , Richard Bade , Frederic Been , Erika Castrignanò
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2016.12.016
关键词:
摘要: The information obtained from the chemical analysis of specific human excretion products (biomarkers) in urban wastewater can be used to estimate exposure or consumption population under investigation a defined substance. A proper biomarker provide relevant about lifestyle habits, health and wellbeing, but its selection is not an easy task as it should fulfil several requirements order successfully employed. This paper aims summarize current knowledge related most biomarkers so far. In addition, some potential that could for future applications were evaluated. For this purpose, representative classes have been chosen grouped four main categories: (i) those estimates factors substance use, (ii) toxicants present environment food, (iii) public illness (iv) size. To facilitate evaluation eligibility compound biomarker, information, when available, on stability urine pharmacokinetic data (i.e. metabolism urinary profile) has reviewed. Finally, needs recommendations research are proposed.
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