Geographical Origin of the Domestic Dog

摘要: The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is considered to be the oldest animal in world. World-wide mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (mtDNA) studies clearly indicate a single origin time and place Southeast Asia less than 16 000 years ago including high number of female foundation wolves resulting 10 subhaplogroups within three haplogroups. Later hybridisation events East Asia, Middle East, Scandinavia possibly North America formed 3–4 small In contrast, archaeological record, favours other, sometimes multiple, regions for domestication (mainly Europe East), but suffers from lack samples problematic, because difficulty distinguishing between wolf fossil remains. Future including, example, paternal markers such as Y-chromosome, autosomal like SNPs, ancient DNA both dogs may give new insights into early history dog's migration routes. Key Concepts: The species it widely accepted that its only ancestor lupus). Archaeological records potential remains are fragmentary controversial well biased their geographical coverage, focusing mainly on fossils found East. Recent genetic based mtDNA suggest numerous later America. New World likely descendants Eurasian domesticated dogs, thereby ruling out centre domestication. The dingo an ancient, originally domesticated, now feral, which arrived Australia about 5000 before present (YBP). Future include approaches additional Y-chromosome genome-wide SNPs insight migrations dogs. Keywords: domestic dog; domestication; mitochondrial (mtDNA); control region; Grey wolf; Southeast Asia; dingo; Canis familiaris; ancient (aDNA); archaeology