Investigation of pre-flare dynamics using the weighted horizontal magnetic gradient method: From small to major flare classes

摘要: There is a wide range of eruptions in the solar atmosphere which contribute to space weather, including major explosions radiation known as flares. To examine pre-event behavior delta-spot regions, we use here method based on weighted horizontal gradient magnetic field (WG_M), defined between opposite polarity umbrae at inversion line active regions (ARs) measured using from Debrecen Heliophysical Observatory catalogues. In this work, extend previous analysis high-energy flares include both medium (M) and low-energy (C B) First, found logarithmic relationship log value highest flare class intensity (from B- X-class) $\delta$-spot AR maximum WG_M 127 ARs investigated. We confirm trend convergence-divergence phase barycenters polarities vicinity line. The extended sample (i) affirms linear connection durations phases up occurrence (ii) provides geometric constraint for location emission around tool possibly estimate likelihood subsequent same or larger energy.