Cytokines and osteoporosis

摘要: Abstract Cytokines are polypeptide molecules which modulate the biologic actions of cells. They recognized as local factors that regulate various functions bone cells and implicated in metabolic diseases including osteoporosis. Several interleukins (ILs) appear to be key players: IL-1 has potent bone-resorbing activities both vitro vivo . It stimulates osteoclast formation may depend on prostaglandins. In , produces high turnover with volume loss hypercalcemia. The role postmenopausal osteoporosis is unclear since current evidence provides conflicting results. IL-4 inhibits resorption whereas an study transgenic mice reveals low IL-6 another major cytokine been extensively studied especially estrogen-deficient believed induce by activating osteoclastic stem rather than mature osteoclasts although exact mechanism its need clarified. IL-11 shown enhance inhibit however, significance metabolism yet undefined. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like IL-1, a resorber one cytokines well play important Lymphotoxin (LT), similar TNF, but not established. effects several colony-stimulating (CSFs) have also investigated. Despite no activity, granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) able produce monocyte-CSF (M-CSF) administration capable correcting murine osteopetrosis. Interferon gamma (IFNγ) inhibitor until recently when studies demonstrated effect producing rats osteopetrotic patients. As leukemia inhibitory (LIF) candidate pathogenesis further needed. problem defining roles for these rest different biological systems, is, versus studies, interaction systemic hormones stepwise cascade series regulatory events make particular cytokine's difficult evaluate isolation.