The effect of different green alkali modification processes on the clinoptilolite surface as adsorbent for ammonium ions; characterization and application

摘要: Abstract Clinoptilolite natural zeolite was modified by different alkali bearing salts (K, Na, Ca, and Mg) a green process in the presence of tea extract as promising adsorbents for ammonium ions. The products displayed significant enhancement ion exchange capacities, surface area, morphological properties which supported characterization techniques. novel achieved stunning adsorption capacities ions with experimental qmax 162 mg/g, 190 mg/g, 230 mg/g 296 mg/g K/clinoptilolite, Na/clinoptilolite, Ca/clinoptilolite, Mg/clinoptilolite, respectively. theoretical values were obtained from equilibrium model are 197.5 mg/g, 219.7 mg/g, 256.2 mg/g, 340 mg/g same order. systems all prepared highly fitted both Pseudo-First order Pseudo-Second preferences first model. Additionally, uptake them is monolayer form higher fitting Langmuir than other models considering correlation coefficient Chi-squared (χ2) values. energies K/Clinoptilolite (0.64 kJ/mol), Na/Clinoptilolite (0.76 kJ/mol), Ca/Clinoptilolite (0.9 kJ/mol), Mg/Clinoptilolite (0.81 kJ/mol) signify physisorption mechanism close to or coulumbic attractive forces. clinoptilolite high reusability applied effectively purification real groundwater sewage water.