A review of the state of the art in modelling progressive mechanical breakdown and associated fluid flow in intact heterogeneous rocks

摘要: Abstract The purpose of this review is to present techniques, advances, problems, and new developments in modelling the progressive mechanical breakdown of, associated fluid flow in, intact heterogeneous rock. In general, theoretical approach physical process can be classified into three categories discrete models based on fracture mechanics, continuum damage mechanics approach, statistical approaches. This categorisation forms skeleton article. Recognising that rock contains ubiquitous cracks flaws between grains particles various shapes, has been widely used study terms growth these defects. Two types models, namely open crack sliding are simulate microfracturing upon loading, application discussed Section 2. As an alternative explicit treatment cracking given by (CDM) takes a phenomenological route considers averaged effect microstructural changes, found widespread use simulating macroscopic stress–strain responses. Through introduction variables as state operators quantify change properties such stiffness strength with respect damage, CDM capable reproducing realistic hydro-mechanical responses during disintegration. method 3. never strictly isotropic homogeneous material, approaches use, general terms, distributions means describing variation material natural These have enjoyed great deal attention past decades. By employing different numerical schemes, major developed: continuum-based particle network/lattice models. merits drawbacks 4. Coupled deformation pore diffusion important breakdown. poromechanical involves interaction solid constituents interstitial fluids rocks under those circumstances when perturbation occurs sufficiently rapidly induced pressure changes cannot fully dissipate. mechanisms analytical approaches, their development relevant fluid-flow modelling, outlined 5. Finally, review, remarks made summarising current progress fundamental problems with, developments. Ideas for further improvements towards more comprehensive robust techniques suggested.