Poor ecological quality of urban ponds in northern England: causes and consequences

摘要: The value of ponds in urban areas historically has been overlooked. While some recent studies have described considerable biodiversity areas, it is unclear as to how far this extends different habitats. aims study were determine the condition 21 Bradford (northern England) and quantify connectivity wetlands district. showed that macroinvertebrate plant was substantially lower than would be expected based on pristine reference sites. Of surveyed, 15 found classified having very poor ecological quality, with 5 being classed just 1 moderate. number aquatic species ranged from 0 6 families 4 13. It suspected diversity low due management techniques such removal emergent vegetation. average distance a wetland higher (533 m) compared rural (448 although difference small, which indicates likely habitat variables.