High Brain Ammonia Tolerance and Down-Regulation of Na+:K+:2Cl- Cotransporter 1b mRNA and Protein Expression in the Brain of the Swamp Eel, Monopterus albus, Exposed to Environmental Ammonia or Terrestrial Conditions

摘要: Na(+):K(+):2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) has been implicated in mediating ischemia-, trauma- or ammonia-induced astrocyte swelling/brain edema mammals. This study aimed to determine the effects of ammonia terrestrial exposure on concentrations plasma and brain, mRNA expression protein abundance nkcc/Nkcc swamp eel Monopterusalbus. Ammonia led a greater increase concentration brain M. albus than exposure. The reached 4.5 µmol g(-1) 2.7 after 6 days 50 mmol l(-1) NH4Cl conditions, respectively. full cDNA coding sequence nkcc1b from comprised 3276 bp coded for 1092 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass 119.6 kDa. A characterization indicated that it could be activated through phosphorylation and/or glycosylation by osmotic oxidative stresses. day significant decreases Nkcc1b albus. In comparison, decrease was observed only exposure, but both resulted Nkcc1b. These results are novel because established mammals up-regulates NKCC1 astrocytes plays important role swelling edema. By contrast, our indicate first time is able down-regulate nkcc1b/Nkcc1b when confronted toxicity, which one contributing factors its extraordinarily high tolerance.