New results concerning the morphology of the most ancient dragonflies (Insecta: Odonatoptera) from the Namurian of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany)

摘要: The holotype specimen of the ‘protodonate’Erasipteroides valentini (Brauckmann in Brauckmann et al., 1985) and paratype K-13 giant ‘protodonate’Namurotypus sippeliBrauckmann Zessin, 1989 from Upper Carboniferous (Namurian B) Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany) are redescribed, a new Erasipteroides cf. is described. evidence used to refine groundplan reconstruction Odonatoptera odonatoid phylogeny. Prothoracic winglets for absence an archaedictyon documented. Furthermore, very long sclerotized ovipositor with gonangulum described female valentini, it proposed that was not endophytic but endosubstratic oviposition. record prothoracic early odonatoids, their presence fossil Palaeodictyoptera ‘protorthopteres’, indicates Pterygota indeed included three pairs wings. A phylogenetic analysis suggests Palaeozoic Meganisoptera “higher” odonatoids (incl. crowngroup Odonata) together form monophyletic group which here named Euodonatoptera. other ‘Erasipteridae’ shown be more closely related Euodonatoptera than Eugeropteridae. description male primary genital structures Namurotypus sippeli emended interpretation proposed, including hypotheses concerning function. males had paired penis pair lateral parameres, leaf-like, still segmented, gonopods. Segmented leg-like gonopods considered as character insects, while regarded putative synapomorphy palaeopterous insect orders Palaeodictyopteroida, Ephemeroptera, Odonatoptera. It did mate by direct copulation retained archaic deposition external spermatophores, just like primarily wingless insects. sigmoidal cerci may have been placed behind head drag over spermatophore, remotely similar mating behaviour some extant arachnids (e.g. Amblypygi). Three hypothetical scenarios regarding evolution secondary modern Odonata proposed.