On the asymmetry of mating in natural populations of the mushroom fungus Schizophyllum commune.

摘要: Before a mycelium of mushroom-forming basidiomycete develops mushrooms, the monokaryotic needs to become fertilized. Although mechanistic details mating in mushrooms have been studied thoroughly laboratory research, very little is known on patterns nature. In this study, we performed fine-scale analyses three populations Schizophyllum commune from their natural substrate (i.e. dead beech branches). From branches, 24, 12, and 24 fruiting bodies were isolated for each mushroom, origins its nuclei cytoplasm reconstructed using DNA markers. Nuclear genotypes determined sequencing data types, mitochondrial haplotypes SNP these combined colonization mycelia. On branch, found multiple dikaryons (3, 3, 8, respectively); two instances one nuclear haplotype was shared between other cases dikaryons. Each dikaryon always had single haplotype. These findings indicate that usually not symmetrical monokaryon most likely fertilized by small monokaryon, spore or dikaryon. Sharing different resulted either fertilizations if identical haplotypes, or, secondary matings (Buller phenomenon). We conclude S. same-sized monokaryons with reciprocal migration, as generally described textbooks, rare discuss implications non-symmetric evolution.