Waddell signs as behavioral indicators of depression and anxiety in chronic pain
作者： Cynthia S. Weaver , Steven A. Kvaal , Lance McCracken
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摘要: In 1980, Waddell et al. proposed that the presence of psychological factors in chronic low back pain patients could be efficiently assessed by use five "non-organic" physical symptoms (15). However, subsequent research on this relationship has been equivocal (5). study, 99 completed measures depression and anxiety were divided into two groups based traditional cut-off score three or more signs. Group comparisons indicated with signs endorsed depressive anxious symptoms, even when controlling for severity duration. Examination mean scores showed a pronounced difference between those one none. Results suggest can an efficient means identifying who may depressed anxious, although too conservative some populations.
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