The expanding significance of hypothalamic peptides, or, is endocrinology a branch of neuroendocrinology?

摘要: Publisher Summary Somatostatin has many biological effects; it inhibits the secretion of thyrotropin but not prolactin, normally stimulated by TRF; also glucagon, insulin, gastrin, and secretin acting directly on secretory elements these peptides. pepsin, HCl, exocrine pancreas, direct action In juvenile-type diabetics, somatostatin diminishes fasting hyperglycemia as much 50% in complete absence circulating insulin. Although impairs carbohydrate tolerance after oral or intravenous glucose challenges normal man inhibiting insulin secretion, ingestion balanced meals is improved patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus through suppression excessive glucagon responses. Besides somatostatin, other peptides are now known to be present and, most likely, synthesized cellular elements, both central peripheral nervous system glandular gastrointestinal tract. The first peptide so observed was substance P remarkable experiments Ulf von Euler Gaddum early 1931. There evidence that neurotensin, VIP, GIP, endorphins enkephalin(s) found brain tract plus pancreas.