Evolution of neuropsychological issues in HIV-1 infection during the HAART era.

摘要: This chapter summarizes the neuropsychological (NP) findings from highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and pre-HAART eras, including a discussion of impact that impairment has on “real-world” functioning. Reports number cohorts suggest that, in HAART era, subset individuals transition out over time, raising possibility neurocognitive dysfunction HIV-1 infection may be neither static nor chronically progressive but mildest forms exhibit fluctuating, relapsing/remitting course, similar to demyelinating disorders. brain is characterized by HIV encephalitis (HIVE), or presence multinucleated giant cells, microglial nodules, astrocytosis, myelin pallor. Importantly, Heaton coworkers study, both NP functional batteries were independent predictors status, based complaints cognitive difficulties, level dependence/independence instrumental activities daily living, employment status. Several brief screening techniques have been developed for situations which full focused evaluation not indicated feasible. Most research studies function utilize between-group mean comparisons test scores individual measures. Some controversy still exists regarding whether affective/ mood disorders, such as major depression anxiety, interact with impairment. Ivnik showed large positive negative score changes uncommon across even though test-retest means stay relatively stable entire sample.