Effects of climatic changes on anisakid nematodes in polar regions

摘要: Abstract Anisakid nematodes are common in Antarctic, sub-Antarctic, and Arctic areas. Current distributional knowledge of anisakids the polar regions is reviewed. Climatic variables influence occurrence abundance anisakids, directly influencing their free-living larval stages also indirectly predominantly invertebrate (but vertebrate) hosts. As these parasites can be pathogenic for humans, paucity information available a source additional hazard. fish major human dietary component Antarctic areas, often eaten without heat processing, high risk infection by anisakid larvae might expected. The present level knowledge, particularly relating to fishes, far from satisfactory. Preliminary molecular studies have revealed presence species complexes. Contemporary climate warming modifying marine environment may result an extension time during which eggs persist hatch, period newly hatched remain viable. there increase extent distribution. Continued will modify composition parasitic nematode fauna animals, due changes feeding habits, as sea any localised reduction salinity (from freshwater runoff) expected bring about pelagic benthic invertebrates.