Densities of large living and dead trees in old-growth temperate and boreal forests

摘要: We recorded and reviewed densities basal areas of large living dead trees in old-growth forest Europe. Recorded were similar to those reported from forests eastern North America, but lower than northwestem America. Based on our results we suggest that, 10-20 per ha with dbh > 70 cm may have been typical values for many central European south Scandinavian virgin forests. In boreal forests, it was probably common at least 20 40 cm. Basal mixed Europe southern Sweden 34-40 m 2 dry ground about 60 m(2) wet alder-ash-spruce Densities (dbh cm) twice as high the latter type Bialowieza forest, Poland. results, propose following generalizations be further tested other temperate forests: 1. Among all standing trunks (including stumps) 10% are dead. this proportion increases largest trees. The that seem independent total areas. this, volume wood is directly proportional productivity 2. Standing (snags) average larger downed Trees >40 often dominate area 3. About 30% (20-40%) This seems wood. Large disturbances by fire, strong winds insects temporarily change these proportions considerably individual stands. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. (Less)