Empirical Framework for Characterizing Infrastructure Failure Interdependencies

摘要: This paper develops an analytical framework with empirical applications to characterize infrastructure failure interdependencies (IFIs). It uses major electrical power outages as the context for understanding how extreme events (within or external system) lead failures of other systems, given a outage. The takes approach by examining patterns IFIs that occurred in three kinds events: August 2003 northeastern North American blackout, 1998 Quebec ice storm, and set 2004 Florida hurricanes. Data sources include media reports official ex post assessments events. results terms sectors affected, consequences society. We developed scales impact extent indices. A comparison is provided arising all five discussed paper, basis considering priorities risk mitigation. most significant included effects on HVAC buildings; water systems; health including hospitals public efforts, road transportation systems.