Pain management in total joint arthroplasty: a historical review.

摘要: Patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty experience substantial sustained postoperative pain. Inadequate analgesia may impede recovery delay hospital discharge. Traditionally, following was provided by intravenous patient-controlled or epidural analgesia, but each technique has distinct advantages disadvantages. Recently, peripheral nerve blockade of the lumbosacral plexus emerged as an alternative analgesic approach. An increasing number studies have reported multimodal featuring unilateral block provide pain relief functional outcomes similar to that continuous superior systemic with fewer side effects. This review discusses indications, benefits, effects associated conventional innovative approaches facilitate rehabilitation improve outcome joint arthroplasty.