An international study of the exposure of children to traffic.

摘要: OBJECTIVES: To examine the extent of international differences in children's exposure to traffic as pedestrians or bicyclists. DESIGN: Children's travel patterns were surveyed using a parent-child administered questionnaire. Children sampled via primary schools, probability cluster sampling design. SETTING: Six cities five countries: Melbourne and Perth (Australia), Montreal (Canada), Auckland (New Zealand), Umea (Sweden), Baltimore (USA). SUBJECTS: aged 6 9 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Modes on school-home journey, total daily time spent walking, average number roads crossed. FINDINGS: Responses obtained from parents 13423 children. There are distinct six studied. three Australasian cities, Melbourne, Auckland, is characterised by high car use, low levels bicycling, steep decline walking with increasing ownership. In these over third children less than minutes per day. Montreal, public transport most common modes travel. Umea, bicycling predominated, very use motorised transport. comparison North American spend more 87% for CONCLUSIONS: large which walk cycle. These findings would suggest that 'exposure risk' may be an important contributor pedestrian injury rates. also substantial risk ownership-differences explain socioeconomic differentials