Addressing the Social and Environmental Determinants of Urban Health Equity: Evidence for Action and a Research Agenda

摘要: Urban living is the new reality for majority of world’s population. change taking place in a context other global challenges—economic globalization, climate change, financial crises, energy and food insecurity, old emerging armed conflicts, as well changing patterns communicable noncommunicable diseases. These health social problems, countries with different levels infrastructure system preparedness, pose significant development challenges 21st century. In all countries, rich poor, move to urban has been both good bad population health, contributed unequal distribution within (the urban–rural divide) cities rich–poor divide). this series papers, we demonstrate that planning design conditions can be or human equity depending on how they are set up. We argue mitigation adaptation need go hand-in-hand efforts achieve through action determinants. And highlight forms governance shape agendas, policies, programs ways inclusive health-promoting perpetuate exclusion, inequitable resources, inequities associated that. While today describe many features healthy sustainable city, processes needed these ends, there still much learn, especially respect tailoring concepts applying them lower- middle-income countries. By outlining an integrated research agenda, aim assist researchers, policy makers, service providers, funding bodies/donors better support, coordinate, undertake organized around conceptual framework positions equity, sustainability central goals management.