Energy policies for sustainable development in South Africa

摘要: This paper summarises the results of a study that analysed ways making South Africa's future energy development more sustainable. The African economy is comparatively energy-intensive, with total primary supply 11.7 MJ per US$ GDP on purchasing power parity basis, compared to 7.9 MJ/$ for Asia and 6.7 Latin America. Moreover, high dependence coal makes country also very carbon-intensive, related CO 2 emissions tonnes capita, comparable OECD average about 11 tCO /cap., far higher than non-OECD 1.7 /cap. Important policy initiatives are already under way improve efficiency as well share renewable energy. impact different policies, including alternative technologies both demand up 2025, were using Markal model, least-cost optimising tool. reference case close government's Integrated Energy Plan, increasing from 337 million (Mt) in 2001 591 Mt 2025. A cost-effective scenario would increase electricity generation 2,000 GWh almost 18,000 significant contribution solar thermal biomass cogeneration technologies. can make substantial contribution, especially industry. combination measures reduce system costs by 16 billion rands ($ 2.2 billion) 770 Mt, each over 25-year period. policies here therefore contribute sustainable climate change mitigation.