Biotic and abiotic factors modulating wild boar relative abundance in Atlantic Spain

摘要: The population dynamics of wild ungulates, particularly boar (Sus scrofa), are modulated by biotic (e.g. predation) and abiotic (environmental) determinants. Despite the evident potential interference predation in environmental patterns abundance, studies including both factors scarce. Here, using spatially explicit predictive models, we investigated effects habitat features on relative abundance populations how boars is related to frequency Iberian wolf (Canis lupus signatus; hereafter, wolf) area. Wild was determined hunting bag statistics, effort-related variables (in order avoid problems derived from modeling rates) as covariates, while attacks livestock were considered a proxy drive. After modeling, variation partitioning procedures used determine importance each factor their overlaid effects. Our results showed that abundances associated. According previous knowledge ecology, found species positively percentage surface occupied mature forest heather providing high food diversity refuge, but these achieved low explanatory capacity models relation frequency. holistic approach followed this study attended open new perspectives for thinking wolf-livestock conflict adequate management strategies taking into account interests natural processes.