Stakeholder evaluations of risk interventions for non-potable recycled water schemes: A case study.

摘要: Non-potable recycled water schemes can benefit sustainable urban management through reducing demand for drinking and mitigating environmental loadings the provision of advanced wastewater treatment. However, scheme feasibility be diminished by high capital operating costs which elevated perceptions health risks subsequently overly cautious risk reduction measures. Conversely, a failure to anticipate expectations stakeholders undermine insufficient water. The aim this study was explore how stakeholders' preferences end-uses might influence design. Using case in London, four intervention scenarios six alternative end uses were evaluated using stochastic PROMETHEE-based method that incorporated quantitative microbial assessment stakeholder criteria weights together with an attitudinal survey perceptions. Through pair-wise judgements, results showed prioritised reductions led more conservative adding treatment processes being ranked highest. In contrast, responses indicated favoured maintaining study's existing levels control but engagement. findings highlighted potential benefits understanding associated different design options contrasting these multi-criteria model results. Extrapolating from findings, future research could challenges providing flexibility designs appeal wider range needs as well adaptable social, or economic challenges. concludes contemporary guidance would explicitly outlining constructive ways engage evaluation.