Physical parameter-based allocation for the energy consumption of pyro-metallurgical system—a case study on nickel production in China

摘要: The objectives of this study were to establish an allocation model for the energy consumption pyro-metallurgical system based on physical relationship between input and output, apply established nickel production in China compare difference results derived from traditional models. basic methodological idea is that a multi-output process should be allocated according how consumed process. was decomposed into different categories (e.g. absorption chemical reaction loss), these classified two groups, i.e. dependent product ratio (PRDE) independent (PRIE); then, basis each category determined through metal output. carried out; boundary includes sub-systems (i.e. Ni–Cu coproduction Ni refining system), allocated; data required by compilation LCI mainly obtained literature. processes mining, drying, converting floating-grinding belongs PRIE following principle mass-based allocation, corresponding factors are 64, 69 69 %, respectively. involved smelting (the key demonstrating model) include both PRDE, aggregated factor calculated as 56 %. result lower than market value-based model, because that, desulphurization reactions occurred process, states copper transformed pyrite (CuFeS2) nicopyrite ((Fe,Ni)9S8) cuprous sulphide (Cu2S) (Ni3S2), compound releases more sulphur atoms compound. When analyzing single sensitive selection; however, when comparing or processes, comparison relatively insensitive selection. physical-chemical ways; decomposition significant choosing bases; mass can only used PRIE, same cases without systematic analysis will inappropriate. requirement some nontraditional extra inventory major limitation model. This focused consumes input, patterns other systems taken account future studies.