Governance of Transport Policy: Introduction to the Special Issue

摘要: Transport policy only seldom reaches public attention. Election campaigns usually avoid references to transport policies. Party competition in Germany is concerned with other areas. At the same time transportation requires technical knowledge, shaped by economics, ecological ideas, and social norms (Bandelow/Kundolf 2011). Traditionally, state plays a special role as it not acts regulator but also provides itself. The German owns most of infrastructure road shipping traffic. railway (Deutsche Bahn AG) even owned federal completely. Additionally responsible for securing interest at development system (Basic Law [section] 87 e). However, since December 1993 Basic allows introduction competition. Formally Deutsche has become stock corporation though plan sell parts company private shareholders failed up know. Private companies still provide trains on few selected lines. Another peculiarity far-reaching influence European Union multilevel policies this field (Sack 2007: 176). member states committed themselves common goals EEC already 1957. Since then, competencies activities level have been enlarged significantly step-by-step. strategies contributed significant changes (Teutsch 2001; Lehmkuhl 2007). Even peculiarities make very fruitful analysis neglected widely majority researchers speaking countries. There been, however, two major approaches policies: first approach critical. It started formulating advice sustainable (Canzler/Knie 1998). More recently, critical increasingly disappointed realities (Knie They evaluated results against background official claims "integrated" present explanations failure 2007; Scholler Scholler-Schwedes 2010). second from positivistic science. Authors do commit their own try identify rules that explain making. This perspective now dominated authors Switzerland (f.e. Sager/Kaufmann 2002; Sager Frey little exchange between both last years (Bandelow Therefore research affected theoretical, methodological political art issue scheduled help close gap. contribution one leading approach. Starting his earlier findings show discrepancy actual outcomes Oliver Schwedes applies combination actor-centered discursive analysis. Firstly he identifies changing power relations central actors outcome. Secondly substantial conflicts within discourse formally presented consensual. works "camouflage real interests" deliberate "symbol-policy" react pressure without (citations taken issue). article developing threestep-program free dominance single economic groups. program goes behind could be applied areas similar problems way. …