Diversity as Opportunity: Insights from 600 Million Years of AHR Evolution
作者： Mark E. Hahn , Sibel I. Karchner , Rebeka R. Merson
DOI: 10.1016/J.COTOX.2017.02.003
关键词:
摘要: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) was for many years of interest only to pharmacologists and toxicologists. However, this protein has fundamental roles in biology that are being revealed through studies diverse animal species. AHR is an ancient protein. homologs exist most major groups modern bilaterian animals, including deuterostomes (chordates, hemichordates, echinoderms) the two clades protostome invertebrates [ecdysozoans (e.g. arthropods nematodes) lophotrochozoans molluscs annelids)]. also have been identified cnidarians such as sea anemone Nematostella genome Trichoplax, a placozoan. Bilaterians, cnidarians, placozoans form clade Eumetazoa, whose last common ancestor lived approximately 600 million ago (MYA). presence representatives all these indicates original eumetazoan possessed homolog. Studies vertebrates reveal parallel functions development function sensory neural systems, suggesting may be ancestral roles. Vertebrate animals characterized by expansion diversification AHRs, via gene duplications, from protoAHR into at least five classes AHR-like proteins: AHR, AHR1, AHR2, AHR3, AHRR. evolution multiple AHRs coincided with acquisition high-affinity binding halogenated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons emergence adaptive involving regulation xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes immunity. existence facilitated subfunction partitioning specialization specific types some taxa. Additional research model non-model species will continue enrich our understanding its pleiotropic toxicology.
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