Diabetes and Bone: Still a Lot to Learn

摘要: Both type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are increasing worldwide. There is a large body of knowledge pointing to the association these two diseases with potential increased risk falls fractures in patients diabetes. Whereas 1 have low bone mineral density (BMD), those T2DM tend high BMD rendering task difficult for clinicians diagnose “weakness” identify at higher fractures. The duration glycemic control seem affect fracture risk. Several underlying pathophysiologic pathways factors increasingly linking glucose homeostasis. Factors secreted by such as osteocalcin osteoprotegerin metabolism, while hyperglycemia, insulin advanced glycation end products appear disrupt quality. Adipocytokines, mainly leptin adiponectin, major players pathophysiology diseases. Vitamin D parathyroid hormone, main regulators calcium an important role too. Yet, there still some controversy surrounding few mechanisms interactions. In this review, we will summarize available evidence illustrating intimate interaction between homeostasis highlight studies examining fall