Sexual Dimorphism in the Behavioral Responses and the Immunoendocrine Status in d-Galactose-Induced Aging

摘要: For almost 20 years, chronic systemic d-galactose, a monosaccharide abundantly present in milk products, fruits, and vegetables, has been used as tool to achieve models of accelerated aging. Its neurotoxicity, induced by abnormal accumulation reactive oxygen species advanced glycation end widely reported. However, behavioral outcomes are still controversial little is known about sex-dependent vulnerability. We performed comprehensive multifunctional screening the effects low (50 mg/kg) high (100 doses d-galactose 6-month-old male female gold-standard C57BL/6 mice. Twelve classical tests with convergent validity analyzed sensorimotor, emotional cognitive domains, indicating existence thresholds response. Distinct vulnerability patterns were found selective sex- dose-dependent manner. In males, sensorimotor impairment immunoendocrine senescence, but dose resulted improved learning memory. Oppositely, d-galactose-treated females exhibited worse motor spatial learning, Behavioral outcome items point at distinct neuronal substrates underlying functional capacity animals meet task-dependent performance demands. They support that males can be regarded two exceptional natural scenarios study interplay cross talk homeostatic networks