Choking under pressure and working memory capacity: When performance pressure reduces fluid intelligence

摘要: Recent findings (Beilock & Carr, 2005) have demonstrated that only individuals with a high working memory capacity (WMC) "choke under pressure" on math problems demands. This suggests performance pressure hinders those who are the most qualified to succeed, because it consumes WMC they usually rely achieve superior performance. puts into question use of in high-pressure situations as means distinguishing lesser or greater potentials. While addressing several limitations past research, we offer evidence such choking (1) occurs WMC, their anxiety-ridden perceptions high-stakes situations, and (2) is not confined tasks involving acquired skills knowledge, but encompasses fluid reasoning abilities intelligence (Gf). These strong implications for assessments people's intellectual capacities academic, clinical, work, research settings.