Signalling networks in cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies and drug resistance

摘要: Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly disease. While surgery may attain cure in minor fraction of cases, therapeutic options either the adjuvant or advanced setting are limited. The possibility advancing efficacy approaches to CCA relies on understanding its molecular pathogenesis and developing rational therapies aimed at interfering with oncogenic signalling networks that drive sustain cholangiocarcinogenesis. These efforts complicated by intricate biology CCA, which integrates not only driving force tumour cell-intrinsic alterations genetic epigenetic level but also pro-tumorigenic cues conveyed cells different cell types present rich stroma. Herein, we review our current mechanistic bases underpinning activation major pathways causative pathogenesis. We subsequently discuss how this knowledge being exploited implement rationale-based genotype-matched predictably will radically transform clinical management next decade. conclude highlighting mechanisms resistance reviewing innovative combat preclinical level.