Batch Effects in MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

摘要: Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become an indispensible tool for spatially resolved molecular investigation of tissues. One the key application areas is biomedical research, where matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MSI predominantly used due to its high-throughput capability, flexibility in class investigate, and ability achieve single cell spatial resolution. While many initial technical challenges have now been resolved, so-called batch effects, a phenomenon already known from other omics fields, appear significantly impede reliable comparison data particular midsized studies typically performed translational clinical research. This critical insight will discuss at what levels (pixel, section, slide, time, location) effects can manifest themselves MALDI-MSI consequences this might biomarker discovery or multivariate classification. Finally, measures are presented that could be taken recognize and/or minimize these potentially detrimental outlook provided on still needed ultimately overcome effects.