The Role of Invitational Education and Intelligence Beliefs in Academic Performance

摘要: Invitational Theory and Practice (ITP) is a collection of suppositions, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors that seek to explain the relationship between communication self-concept ITP describes means intentionality summoning people realize their potentials in areas worthwhile human endeavor. Its purpose address global nature existence opportunity, make life more exciting, satisfying an enriching experience. In education, how teachers can encourage or discourage students learn among main issues (Purkey, Schmidt, & Novak, 2010). The basic assumptions Education are as follows: 1. Respect: Human beings able, valuable, be treated accordingly. Believing this will lead have humanistic ethical approach summon learners profound learning. 2. Trust: Living at truly adequate, fully functioning cooperative, collaborative activity where process important product. 3. Optimism: People possess relatively untapped potential all (Product outcome process. What student goes through affect product learning outcome). 4. Care * (see editor's note): To demonstrate concern by sharing warmth, empathy, positive regard, interest others, specifically with intention help them reach potential. 5. Intentionality: best realized creating maintaining welcoming place, policies, programs, who intentionally inviting themselves personally professionally (People massive capacity knowledge skills Schmidt Teaching Survey (ITS) 43 ITS items fall into two dimensions, personal professional teacher practices. dimensions measure teacher's ability feel good about general. dimension measures appreciate course content. Within those there five subscales. subscale on includes consideration commitment. Commitment contains indicate resolve promote social emotional health. Consideration communicate caring for unique individual. three subscales include coordination, proficiency expectation. Coordination preparation planning combination instructional strategies create maintain superior academic climate. Proficiency competency specialty area exhibit efficient management. Expectation single item project high expectation student's success (Amose, Smith Purkey, 2004). Numerous studies shown effect performance achievement. Gresham (2007) shows decreases students' anxiety mathematics result increases course. Kitchens Wenta concluded teaching mathematical concepts involves much than cognitive focus understanding presenting it class. Equally growth development teachers. "If I know am accepted relax improve my efforts grow teacher." Hunter applying principles art class not only actualizes potentials, but also paves way elevated atmosphere …