Application of membrane techniques for the removal of micropollutants from water and wastewater

摘要: A number of inorganic anions and heavy metals, microorganisms, natural organic matter, micro-pollutants, among them disinfection by-products, pharmaceutical active compounds endocrine disrupting compounds, have been found in potentially harmful concentrations numerous water sources. The maximum permissible levels these drinking wastewaters discharged to environment, set by the WHO a countries are very low (from µg/L few mg/L). Several common treatment technologies, which nowadays used for removal contaminants from supplies, represent serious exploitation problems. Membrane processes such as RO NF, UF MF integrated systems, Donnan dialysis electrodialysis well MBR liquid membranes, if properly selected, offer advantage producing high quality purified wastewater can be drained off High-pressure membrane techniques, i.e. NF direct micropollutants, while low-pressure (MF UF) first all with coagulation adsorption after complexion polymers or surfactants. Processes ion-exchange membranes suitable micropollutants having electrical charge. Because that property they many large scale applications including separation ions, desalination, ionic species etc.