Membrane technologies for the removal of micropollutants in water treatment

摘要: Abstract A number of inorganic anions and heavy metals microorganisms, natural organic matter, micropollutants, among them disinfection by-products, pharmaceutical active compounds, endocrine-disrupting have been found in potentially harmful concentrations numerous water sources. The maximum permissible levels these compounds drinking wastewaters discharged to environment, as set by the World Health Organization a countries, are very low (from micrograms per liter few milligrams liter). Several common treatment technologies that currently used remove contaminants from supplies address serious exploitation problems. Properly selected, membrane processes such reverse osmosis nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration integrated systems, Donnan dialysis, electrodialysis, well bioreactors liquid membranes, offer advantage producing high-quality purified wastewater can be drained off