Currents and turbulence within a kelp forest (Macrocystis pyrifera): Insights from a dynamically scaled laboratory model

摘要: The effects of a Macrocystis pyrifera forest on currents and turbulence were investigated in controlled laboratory setting using dynamically matched 1/25-scale model. Two kelp configurations with surface canopies one without canopy considered. Profiles mean velocities statistics measured acoustic Doppler velocimeters. Since flow within the model was very heterogeneous, spatially averaged forms governing equations used for analysis. Stress gradients small compared pressure gradient, drag, acceleration terms momentum budget. A good drag is therefore required simulating through forest, while Reynolds dispersive stresses less critical. bulk coefficient highest at up-current end decays down-current distance as velocity profile adjusts to profile. Modeling an array vertical cylinders underestimates net by factor 1.5 3 if substantial present. Turbulence generated predominantly small-scale shear wakes. Vertical mixing scalars expected be significantly smaller than surrounding coastal ocean because combination turbulent eddies reduced currents. decrease horizontal transport forests may have important implications nutrient availability organisms affect dispersal or retention their larvae spores. (Linneaus) Agardh (commonly Giant Kelp) are components temperate ecosystems, providing food shelter diverse organisms. Many organisms, including M. itself, extract nutrients, plankton, particulates from water column. these quantities determined motion primarily due lateral spatial variations flow. Most release spores into column, paths eventual destinations particles also