[Advances of EGFR and HER-2 Autoantibodies in Serum of Lung Cancer Patients.].

作者: Wentao Yue , Yuan Li , Shaofa Xu

DOI: 10.3779/CJLC.V12I10.1030

关键词:

摘要: 表皮生长因子受体(ErbB)家族是一组跨膜糖蛋 白,属于I型跨膜酪氨酸激酶家族,是将细胞外信号传递 到细胞核内的重要途径,其功能的发挥需要与相应的配 体结合,从而调控正常细胞的增殖、分化。表皮生长因子 受体家族包括:EGFR(epidermal growth factor receptor)、 HER-2(tyrosine kinase-type cell surface receptor )、ErbB-3 (receptor tyrosine-protein kinase )和ErbB-4 )四个成员。表皮生长因子受体 家族在肿瘤的发生、发展和侵袭中都发挥了重要作用。 目前研究最多的是EGFR和HER-2。 1.1 表皮生长因子受体EGFR EGFR蛋白由定位于人类染 色体7p11–13上的HER-1基因编码,为I型跨膜酪氨酸激酶 生长因子受体,分子量170×10,定位于细胞膜上,由胞 外区、跨膜区、胞内区3部分组成,广泛分布于除血管 以外的上皮细胞膜上。研究表明多种人类肿瘤的发 生与人体表皮生长因子受体家族的过度表达有关,常见 EGFR蛋白的过度表达/和受体突变,尤其以前者常见。 Ohsaki等对290例非小细胞肺癌(non-small lung cancer, NSCLC)患者进行免疫组化分析,结果发现非小细胞肺 癌患者EGFR蛋白的表达阳性率明显高于正常人。此外, Nakamura等进行了大量的回顾性分析发现39%的肺腺 癌和58%的肺鳞癌存在EGFR的过度表达。 1.2 表皮生长因子受体HER-2 HER-2蛋白是由定位于人类 染色体17g21上的HER-2基因编码,为I型跨膜酪氨酸激酶 生长因子受体,分子量185×10。研究认为,HER-2也 由胞外区、跨膜区、胞内区3部分组成,胞外区与EGFR 有40%的同源性,胞内区与EGFR蛋白的相应区域有高 度的保守性。在正常肺组织,主要是呼吸道纤毛上皮细 胞、主气道的支气管粘液腺和肺的II型细胞可有低水平 的HER-2表达,但一般比肿瘤组织表达的HER-2水平要低 得多。NSCLC的HER-2蛋白表达阳性率为28.8%,而 且NSCLC中HER-2蛋白表达与组织学类型相关,最多见 于肺腺癌,在腺癌中的阳性表达率为40.7%,在鳞癌中为 14.7%。目前的研究认为腺癌的HER-2表达率高于 鳞癌,且差异有统计学意义。 1.3 EGFR与HER-2的联系 目前的研究认为EGFR在与配体 结合后,主要发生异源二聚化转导信号,其异源配体主

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