Vitamin D and calcium levels in Ugandan adults with human immunodeficiency virus and tuberculosis.

摘要: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected individuals have increased susceptibility to and greater morbidity mortality due tuberculosis (TB).1–5 These observations may in part be related hypovitaminosis D, as low vitamin D levels are associated with decreased macrophage production of the peptide cathelicidin6 that exerts antimicrobial properties. Cathelicidin, innate immune system, plays a critical role fight against TB. Mycobacterium binds toll-like receptors (TLR 2/1) on macrophages, leading upregulation 1α-hydroxylase gene expression promote conversion 25(OH)D 1,25(OH)2D.6 Intracellular 1,25(OH)2D receptor induces cathelicidin.6 Cathelicidin localizes monocytes M. tuberculosis, where it has direct effect.7 Low could potentially blunt cathelicidin production, limiting host's ability TB.2 It was observed serum containing lower 25(OH)D3 demonstrated c athelicidin mRNA than higher levels.6 When supplemented 25(OH)D3, increased. findings suggest therapy among suboptimal might induce improve response TB infection. Vitamin therefore used inexpensive adjunctive HIV patients, especially settings is highly prevalent, reduce TB-related mortality. In present study, we describe calcium albumin HIV-infected Ugandans without