The Communicative Ideology and Ex Ante Planning Evaluation

摘要: Public planning in Western Europe has changed considerably the last decade. The economic and political climate provided public authorities with a new set of goals expectations. These include assumption that large-scale infrastructure urban revitalisation projects are essential for preserving current level welfare rat race other municipalities/regions/countries. At same time faced generally diminished resources. In reaction many have found it necessary to use marketing communication techniques attract private investments (see Ashworth & Voogd, 1990, 1994). Similar also being used oppress counter-forces those different opinions. Academic planners Europe, however, more convinced should be process facilitating community collaboration consensus-building (e.g. see Balducci Fareri, 1996; Healey et al.,1995; Voogd Woltjer, 1995; 1996a).