Serological marking of Pnigalio agraules (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) for field dispersal studies

摘要: The parasitoid wasp Pnigalio agraules (Wlk.) is a key natural enemy of the horsechestnut leafminer Cameraria ohridella Deschka and Dimic (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). As basis for mark-release-recapture studies, aimed at investigating dispersal this in field, adults P. were marked using vertebrate-specific immunoglobulin (IgG). marker was later detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). IgG either applied externally spraying or internally feeding an IgG-enriched diet. Different concentrations used influence abiotic (climatic conditions, time elapsed between marking examination) biotic factors (sex age parasitoids) on detection immunomarker tested. External led to more homogeneous labelling than marker. Parasitoids labelled with 0.25 mg rabbit per ten individuals contained enough be easily distinguished from unmarked ones. Neither climatic conditions nor sex insects had remained well detectable during entire lifespan parasitoids, which not negatively affected procedure. Serological can investigate behaviour beneficial within studies.