Impacts of the clean air action plan on the port trade industry

摘要: The Clean Air Action Plan (CAAP), implemented by the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach in 2006, was an unprecedented effort to reduce air pollution emissions associated with port operations. We conduct a case study understand why ports developed CAAP, how it structured, affected stakeholder relations. identify those most influence international trade supply chain - 'dominant actors' hypothesise that they are key participants CAAP development process least likely be subject costly requirements or changes find led restructuring relations, new alliances formed between regulatory agencies old strained what perceived as closed utilised develop plan lack consideration industry borne costs.