Conceptual and methodological issues in estimating the success of ecological restoration

摘要: Abstract Ecological restoration (ER) of terrestrial ecosystems has become widespread in past decades. However, assessing its success is complex mainly due to the diversity objectives pursued, actions undertaken but also statistical methods for treating data. We demonstrate here that, heterogeneity collected data, can be overestimated meta-analyses. advocate analyzing distinctly two types ER, those aiming at increasing an ecosystem attribute (e.g. species richness a native plant species, ER+), and decreasing it invasive cover, ER-). suggest that only one index action not enough. propose complete RR (Remaining Recovery) by novel informing on ‘what been restored comparison what should have recovered’: ‘Achieved Restoration’ (AR).