From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs

摘要: PCP or phencyclidine was discovered in 1956 and soon became a popular street drug. Dissociatives including PCP, ketamine, dextromethorphan have been used non-medically for their mind-altering effects over 60 years. Many of these compounds also clinically legitimate research. At least 14 derivatives were sold non-medical illict use from the late 1960s until 1990s. With advent Internet, drug market underwent dramatic evolution. While initially gray-market chemical vendors offering ketamine thrived, most recently has shifted to legal high online-based research vendors. Starting with first dissociative chemical, 4-MeO-PCP 2008, rapidly evolved currently comprises at 12 dissociatives, almost half which unknown scientific literature prior introduction. Several these, methoxetamine, reached widespread internationally. A historical account 30 compiled diverse collection sources. The complete portrait this underground is presented along relevant legal, technological, developments driven its