Industrial long-term agreements on energy efficiency in The Netherlands. A critical assessment of the monitoring methodologies and quantitative results

摘要: Abstract Long-term agreements (LTAs) with industry were added to the mix of energy-policy instruments in The Netherlands at beginning 1990s. Within a few years these have become very important for industrial energy-conservation policy. In this study we assessed extent which targets set out by government achieved. To end studied: (1) whether original policy adequately translated contracted LTAs; (2) LTAs achieved goals; and (3) monitoring methodologies that developed ensure complete, comparable objective energy-intensity developments manufacturing industry. target was decrease energy intensity 19% period 1989–2000 (excluding feedstocks). It turned be possible contract cover 72–75% consumption average LTA amounts an 18% decrease. goal achievement 1989–1997 accordance targets, although more than half sectors are lagging behind agreed rate For each methodology developed. Some aspects resulted fact does not results LTAs. Overall, conclude long-term agreements' is insufficiently transparent. We recommend stricter enforcement uniform requirements new generation independent supervision verification results.