作者: Richard B. Knight , Steven J. Hudak , Allen F. Morey
DOI: 10.1016/J.UCL.2013.04.005
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摘要: This article presents a review of the literature regarding surgical techniques and outcomes for reconstruction strictures involving upper ureter. The preoperative assessment proximal ureteral stricture is briefly reviewed, followed by discussion ureteroureterostomy, transureteroureterostomy, ureterocalicostomy, bladder flaps, downward nephropexy, bowel interposition grafts, onlay or tubular grafting, renal autotransplantation, nephrectomy. future direction ureter proposed.